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logic question driving me insane
Earthenrock
Registered User regular
Registered User regular
So despite earning all my credits for my AA degree, My degree was withheld because I didn't meet the requirements for computational skill, which is unnerving because I've completed both Calc 1 and 2. But a C in Pre-Calculus somehow did not meet the GPA requirement for mathematics, and now I must take a special portion of the CPT, since the CLAST no longer exists.
Sorry had to vent, now on to the practice question that's bugging me.
Study the information given below. If a logical conclusion is given, select that conclusion. If none of the conclusions given is warranted, select the option expressing this condition.
All beachcombers are swimmers. All swimmers wear swimsuits. Sally is wearing a swimsuit,
A. Sally can swim
B. Sally cannot swim
C. Sally is a beachcomber.
D. None of the above is warranted
The answer is D but I just don't understand that. I thought the answer would be C since sally is wearing a swimsuit, and since all swimmers wear swimsuits, and all swimmers are beachcombers...I think Sally would be a beachcomber.
Anyone have any input?
This is a simple test it seems, but I find it frustrating that I just got done last semester integrating partial fractions and now I have to go back and refresh my memory of basic geometry and other junk.
Sorry had to vent, now on to the practice question that's bugging me.
Study the information given below. If a logical conclusion is given, select that conclusion. If none of the conclusions given is warranted, select the option expressing this condition.
All beachcombers are swimmers. All swimmers wear swimsuits. Sally is wearing a swimsuit,
A. Sally can swim
B. Sally cannot swim
C. Sally is a beachcomber.
D. None of the above is warranted
The answer is D but I just don't understand that. I thought the answer would be C since sally is wearing a swimsuit, and since all swimmers wear swimsuits, and all swimmers are beachcombers...I think Sally would be a beachcomber.
Anyone have any input?
This is a simple test it seems, but I find it frustrating that I just got done last semester integrating partial fractions and now I have to go back and refresh my memory of basic geometry and other junk.
Earthenrock on
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All beachcombers are swimmers - Nothing states Sally is at the beach or a beachcomber.
All swimmers wear swimsuits - Nothing is stopping a non-swimmer from wearing one
Thats how I saw it.
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If Sally wasn't wearing a swimsuit you could deduce that she wasn't a swimmer (since all swimmers wear swimsuits), but you can't go the other way. I forget the terms for these things, geometry class was a long, long time ago.
Anyway, by the same token, all humans breathe air, but not everything that breathes air is human. If you know that Snarlgax the Destroyer breathes air, you can't automatically assume that it's human.
"All beachcombers are swimmers": Beachcombers are a subset of swimmers. That means that every beachcomber can swim, however there possibly exist swimmers that are not beachcombers. With this information alone you cannot tell if there are non-beachcombers who can swim.
"All swimmers wear swimsuits": Swimmers are a subset of people who wear swimsuits. Like before, any swimmer is necessarily going to wear a swimsuit, but it may be possible for some people wearing swimsuits to not be swimmers.
"Sally is wearing a swimsuit": This means that Sally is a member of the set of people wearing swimsuits. So it is possible that she can swim or be a beachcomber, she could be a member of the portion of the swimsuit wearing set that doesn't swim, or if she does swim she could be a swimmer that isn't a beachcomber.
Note that if she wasn't a swimsuit wearer, then you could be sure that she was neither a swimmer or a beachcomber. This is the sort of thing you may want to draw Venn-diagrams for until you are comfortable with it.
That's the fallacy you're not getting. (as everybody is saying, I'm just throwing the logic at ya)
Think about the inverse. If swimmer, then swimsuit. if not swimsuit then not swimmer (as indicated, you cannot be a swimmer if you don't have a swimsuit because all swimmers have swimsuits). So if p -> q then the opposite is !q -> !p.
Furthermore, there's even a truth table!
If p is true and q is true, good deal (swimmer in swimsuit).
If q is false and p is false, we are fine (no swimsuit and not a swimmer).
If p is true and q is false, that is bad (swimmer without a swimsuit)
If p is false, no one cares about q (if not a swimmer, then it doesn't matter whether they have a swimsuit on).
My logic professor explained p -> q in this way: If my computer breaks (p = broken computer), and it is under warranty (q = under warranty), then good. If my computer breaks and it isn't under warranty, sadness. If my computer doesn't break, then I could care less about the warranty. If my computer is under warranty doesn't have anything to do with whether or not it is working. Only in cases of p = true do we care to look at q.
Is Sally a swimmer? Well, it doesn't say she is a beachcomber or a swimmer, so no... thus who cares what she's wearing. Of course, if she was also a beachcomber, then we'd know she's a swimmer and must be wearing a swimsuit.
OPTION 2 (visual learner):
Draw a venn diagram. Start with a circle and write beachcombers in it. Then draw another circle around that and write swimmers. then another circle around that and write wears swimsuit. Where does Sally fit into the diagram according to the information you have? All we know is that she has a swimsuit, so she is somewhere in the biggest circle... which contains all swimmers, and thus all beachcombers, but also a lot of other people that aren't swimmers.
Murphy's Paradox: The more you plan, the more that can go wrong. The less you plan, the less likely your plan will succeed.
'All beachcombers are swimmers' and 'All swimmers wear swimsuits' means that All beachcombers thus wear swimsuits.
Nothing in the phrase implies a person wearing a swimsuit HAS to be a beachcomber or a swimmer
Uh-oh I accidentally deleted my signature. Uh-oh!!
Edit: And the trick to understanding one of the things they're trying to teach you is to stop thinking about what you know outside the logic problem. The only information you have access to is contained in the first two rules. It throws people for a loop for instance when you do a puzzle like this.
All frogs are dogs.
All dogs have 13 legs.
All frogs have 13 legs.
That one is correct.
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Insert comic strip here....
Well... no. All squares are rhombi, but not all rhombi are squares. A rhombus has 4 equal sides, so not all rectangles are rhombuses
He was probably thinking of a parallelogram, which is the kind of rhombus... well... you know...
If someone tells you that all A is B, then the only other true statement you can draw from that fact is that all NOT b is NOT a.
So, all rhombi are parallelograms, so therefore all non-parallelograms are non-rhombi,
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