I think we need more of the context. The t could mean anything. Maybe its to signify that t is being held constant? Usually the variable would be accompanied by a bar though. Are you given another function that has the s?
It just means that G is a function of t and x. Functions of two variables can be thought of as functions of 1 variable taking values in functions of the other, and that's what they're doing here - they're thinking of picking a value for t, which defines G_t as a function of x. So if you pick two numbers, t and s, then you get two functions of x - G_t and G_s.
Edit: Specifically, G_{t+s} (x) would be 1/sqrt[4 pi k (t+s)] e^[-x^2/(4 k (t+s))]
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Edit: Specifically, G_{t+s} (x) would be 1/sqrt[4 pi k (t+s)] e^[-x^2/(4 k (t+s))]