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Are there any tutorials or websites that explain how to do that? How would I go about seeing if the host I use supports this, and then swapping over the domains to point to those folders?
This is trivial and your host will be able to set it up for you.
DNS handles name resolution and the webserver application (apache/IIS/wtf) uses host headers to figure out what content to supply. So host1.com and host2.com both point to server IP 10.9.8.7, the server knows that host1 goes to the 10.9.8.7\1\stuff.html files and host2 goes off the 10.9.8.7\2\diff_stuff.html files.
You can also easily set it up so that both hosts 1 and 2 point to same set of content files. Example - if you go to IBM.com or IBM.org it forwards you to the same content.
My host offers something called Web Host Manager, yours probably does too (or something like it). It's attached to the the first domain I signed up with. All other domains I use, I just enter in WHM and it's good to go.
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DNS handles name resolution and the webserver application (apache/IIS/wtf) uses host headers to figure out what content to supply. So host1.com and host2.com both point to server IP 10.9.8.7, the server knows that host1 goes to the 10.9.8.7\1\stuff.html files and host2 goes off the 10.9.8.7\2\diff_stuff.html files.
You can also easily set it up so that both hosts 1 and 2 point to same set of content files. Example - if you go to IBM.com or IBM.org it forwards you to the same content.