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[Twilight Struggle] - Game 6 - Game Over - Reagan Accepts A Draw From The Soviets
stever777
AFK most SaturdaysRegistered User regular
AFK most SaturdaysRegistered User regular
“Now the trumpet summons us again — not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need, not as a call to battle, though embattled we are — but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle...” —John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Speech, January 1961
In 1945, unlikely allies slew the Nazi beast, while humanity’s most devastating weapons forced the proud Japanese Empire to its knees in a storm of fire. Where once there stood many great powers, now stood only two. The world had scant time to sigh relief before a new conflict threatened. Unlike the titanic conflicts of the preceding decades, this conflict would be waged primarily not by soldiers and tanks, but by spies and politicians, scientists and intellectuals, artists and traitors.
Overview:
Twilight Struggle is a two player game simulating The Cold War, where the players assume the role of the two remaining superpowers; The USA and the USSR. The game takes the viewpoint that all other countries are just staging grounds and battlefields between the two, subject to their Influence and backdrops to bloody Coups. Players manipulate historical events to their advantage, or their opponents disadvantage, to further their spheres of influence.
Object:
The main determination of the victor is, fittingly, the player that accumulates the most Victory Points. If one player succeeds in obtaining 20 Victory Points, they immediately win the game.
There are also a few ways the game can end without Victory Points; please see Ending the Game, below.
There are also a few ways the game can end without Victory Points; please see Ending the Game, below.
Rules Stuff:
The game is played over 10 turns. Each turn, a player is dealt a number of cards to bring their hand up to 8 cards in turns 1-3, and 9 cards in turns 4-10. These cards can be used in one of a few different ways; they can be used to bring about the event listed on them, i.e. Cuban Missile Crisis, UN Intervention, etc. These cards also have a value on them, from 1 to 4, that demonstrates their resources that could instead be used to perform Operations around the world. This is called their Ops Value. Finally, if a player wants to, they can instead use a card to further their progress in the Space Race between America and Russia, which could provide both Victory Points and extra abilities.
Players alternate playing these cards between the two of them for a variable number of rounds, with the typical result being each player having one card left in their hand. After that, various upkeep duties are performed, and the next turn proceeds in the same fashion, until the end of Turn 10. After Turn 10 is ended, a Final Scoring is taken; the control of every region on the globe is judged, with more control awarding more Victory Points. As before, the player that ends with the most VP’s is the winner.
Players alternate playing these cards between the two of them for a variable number of rounds, with the typical result being each player having one card left in their hand. After that, various upkeep duties are performed, and the next turn proceeds in the same fashion, until the end of Turn 10. After Turn 10 is ended, a Final Scoring is taken; the control of every region on the globe is judged, with more control awarding more Victory Points. As before, the player that ends with the most VP’s is the winner.
Turn Structure:
DEFCON:
“Strange game. The only winning move is not to play.”
—“Joshua” the N.O.R.A.D computer from Wargames
The first thing done at the start of each turn is to increase the global DEFCON (Defensive Condition) status one closer to 5, or world peace. Certain player actions and cards played during the round can bring this number down, or closer to war. The lower the number is, the more restricted military actions will be. If the active player does an action or plays a card that would lower the DEFCON to 1, the world is unable to handle the tension, and erupts in nuclear war. The player that causes the DEFCON meter to reach 1 automatically loses the game.
—“Joshua” the N.O.R.A.D computer from Wargames
The first thing done at the start of each turn is to increase the global DEFCON (Defensive Condition) status one closer to 5, or world peace. Certain player actions and cards played during the round can bring this number down, or closer to war. The lower the number is, the more restricted military actions will be. If the active player does an action or plays a card that would lower the DEFCON to 1, the world is unable to handle the tension, and erupts in nuclear war. The player that causes the DEFCON meter to reach 1 automatically loses the game.
Deal Cards:
After raising the DEFCON status, each player draws from a deck of cards, to a hand size of 8 (in Turns 1-3) or 9 (Turns 4-10). Each of these cards represents an Event they can turn to their advantage. As the Cold War progresses, more cards are added to this deck, to represent additional developments and twists of fate. Turns 1-3 represent the Early Years of the Cold War. At the end of Turn 3, players have reached the Mid Years of the Cold War, and more cards are shuffled into the draw deck to represent that. At the end of Turn 7, the war enters its Later years, and more cards representing that are shuffled in then. When there are no more cards in the draw deck, the discards are shuffled to make a new draw deck.
Headline Phase:
“Do you, Ambassador Zorin, deny that the USSR has placed and is placing medium – and intermediate – range missiles and sites in Cuba? Yes or no? Don't wait for the translation! Yes or no?” — Adlai Stevenson, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
Public perception carried significant weight in this conflict, and much effort was made to control what the people read in their newspapers. This is represented by the Headline Phase. Each player selects an event from their hand that they would like to see occur. Both players play their card simultaneously. The card that has the highest Ops Value occurs first. This phase ensures that players do not just concern themselves with Operations, but that Events are played as well.
Public perception carried significant weight in this conflict, and much effort was made to control what the people read in their newspapers. This is represented by the Headline Phase. Each player selects an event from their hand that they would like to see occur. Both players play their card simultaneously. The card that has the highest Ops Value occurs first. This phase ensures that players do not just concern themselves with Operations, but that Events are played as well.
Action Rounds:
After the Headline Phase, the players enter the meat of the game: The Action Rounds. Starting with the USSR, each player chooses one card from their hand, then decides how best to use it. Here’s how most cards break down:
The center part is the name of the card. The top bar tells you what phase of the war it occurs in. The “3" in the star to the left tells us that the card is worth three points when used for Operations, and since the star is red, that this card favors the USSR Blue favors US, and stars with both colors favor neither. Note that some cards have an * and underlined text. Cards with underlined text have certain effects that continue to persist until they are cancelled later on. Cards with an * that are used to play an Event are permanently removed from the game, so be careful to maximize their impact. Some cards are prerequisites for others later on, and some cards cancel others out. There are also certain cards that can immediately begin tallying the amount of control for each superpower in a particular region. There are three main ways to use a card: For the Event, for Ops, and for the Space Race.
Event:
Operations:
Space Race:
The center part is the name of the card. The top bar tells you what phase of the war it occurs in. The “3" in the star to the left tells us that the card is worth three points when used for Operations, and since the star is red, that this card favors the USSR Blue favors US, and stars with both colors favor neither. Note that some cards have an * and underlined text. Cards with underlined text have certain effects that continue to persist until they are cancelled later on. Cards with an * that are used to play an Event are permanently removed from the game, so be careful to maximize their impact. Some cards are prerequisites for others later on, and some cards cancel others out. There are also certain cards that can immediately begin tallying the amount of control for each superpower in a particular region. There are three main ways to use a card: For the Event, for Ops, and for the Space Race.
Event:
A card can always be played so the Event text can occur. Going back to the Warsaw Pact card, the USSR player can play the card for its Event, and can begin to manipulate the influence of Eastern Europe. It remains in play because it enables the play of the NATO card later on. If this card is used for its Event, since it is marked with an *, it is removed from the game as soon as its effects are no longer in play(in this case, when the NATO card is played).
Operations:
A card can also be used to perform Operations. In this case, the player has a number of Ops points equal to the Ops Value of the card to perform Operations. A player can spend these points to either spread influence, Realign countries to their view, or perform Coups to radically change countries’ allegiances. You must spend all of your Ops points on ONE of these choices. You cannot mix and match.
Influence:
Realignments:
Coups:
Scoring:
Influence:
“Everyone imposes his own system as far as his army can reach.”
—Joseph Stalin
Each country on the map has a number next to its name. This is the country's Stability Number. If a superpower has a number of influence in a country at least equal to its Stability Number, AND the difference between your influence and your opponent’s influence is equal to the Stability Number, you control that country. Ex:
Bulgaria has a Stability Number of 3. If the USSR has 3 influence in the country and the US has none, then the USSR controls Bulgaria.
If the US then places 2 influence in Bulgaria, the USSR no longer controls Bulgaria, because they don’t have enough influence to cover the difference(Base Stability of 3 + US influence of 2 = required influence of 5 to control Bulgaria).
It costs 1 Ops point to place 1 point of influence in a country that is uncontrolled, or controlled by you. To place 1 point of influence in an enemy-controlled country, it requires 2 ops points. Going back to the Warsaw Pact example, the USSR decides to use it to place Influence. He places 1 influence in West Germany to begin his takeover of the American-controlled country. It costs 2 points to do so. With one point left, he solidifies his hold on Syria, by spending the remaining point to gain 1 influence there. You can only place influence in a country if it contains, or is adjacent to a country with friendly influence markers at the start of this action round, unless an Event tells you otherwise.
—Joseph Stalin
Each country on the map has a number next to its name. This is the country's Stability Number. If a superpower has a number of influence in a country at least equal to its Stability Number, AND the difference between your influence and your opponent’s influence is equal to the Stability Number, you control that country. Ex:
Bulgaria has a Stability Number of 3. If the USSR has 3 influence in the country and the US has none, then the USSR controls Bulgaria.
If the US then places 2 influence in Bulgaria, the USSR no longer controls Bulgaria, because they don’t have enough influence to cover the difference(Base Stability of 3 + US influence of 2 = required influence of 5 to control Bulgaria).
It costs 1 Ops point to place 1 point of influence in a country that is uncontrolled, or controlled by you. To place 1 point of influence in an enemy-controlled country, it requires 2 ops points. Going back to the Warsaw Pact example, the USSR decides to use it to place Influence. He places 1 influence in West Germany to begin his takeover of the American-controlled country. It costs 2 points to do so. With one point left, he solidifies his hold on Syria, by spending the remaining point to gain 1 influence there. You can only place influence in a country if it contains, or is adjacent to a country with friendly influence markers at the start of this action round, unless an Event tells you otherwise.
Realignments:
Realignment rolls are used to reduce enemy influence in a country. To attempt a Realignment roll, you don’t need any of your influence in a country, although it helps you be more successful. It costs 1 Ops point to attempt a Realignment roll. Each player rolls a die, and the high roller may remove the difference between the rolls from the opponent’s influence in that country. Ties are considered a draw. There are modifiers to the rolls, as follows:
+1 for each adjacent controlled country
+1 if you have more influence in the target country than your opponent
+1 if your superpower is adjacent to the target country
Although Realignment rolls can reduce your opponent’s influence, they can never add your influence to a country.
+1 for each adjacent controlled country
+1 if you have more influence in the target country than your opponent
+1 if your superpower is adjacent to the target country
Although Realignment rolls can reduce your opponent’s influence, they can never add your influence to a country.
Coups:
A Coup represents operations short of full-scale war to change the composition of a country’s government. You do not have to have any influence in a country to attempt a coup, although your opponent must have influence there. To perform a Coup, roll a die and add the Ops Value of the card played to enable it. If your total is greater than double the country’s Stability Number, your Coup is successful, and you reduce your opponent’s influence by the difference. If that takes your opponent’s influence to 0, you place your influence in the country to round out the difference. Ex. Iran’s Stability is 2, and the USSR has 3 influence there. The US performs a Coup with a 3 Ops Value card. Their roll is a 5, total of 8 with their added Ops Value. 8 > 4, so the Coup is successful. The USSR loses all three influence, and since there is still one point unaccounted for, the US gains a point of influence in Iran.
Certain countries find themselves a more desirable target than others. These countries are called battleground countries, and are distinguished by their name bar being in purple.
If a battleground country is the target of a coup, the world notices, and the DEFCON track is decreased by 1. Also, when a card is played for a Coup, you move your marker down the Required Military Operations track a number equal to the Ops Value of the card used. More on this later.
One last note about Operations: If you play a card for Operations and the Event listed is associated with either both players or just yourself, it does not occur. But if you play a card for Ops, and it is associated with your opponent, it does occur. So going back to the Warsaw Pact card from before, if the US played it for Ops, they would have 3 points to spend, but the USSR Event occurs, and they get to alter influence. Some conditions for this:
- Current player always decides whether the event happens before OR after Operations are done
- If the opponent's event is dependent on a prerequisite card that hasn't been played, the Event is not triggered, and is discarded as normal
- If the opponent's event is prohibited by a previously played card, Operations take place, but the Event does not, and the card is discarded as normal.
- If the opponent's event is triggered, but results in no effect, the card is considered played and removed from the game.
Certain countries find themselves a more desirable target than others. These countries are called battleground countries, and are distinguished by their name bar being in purple.
If a battleground country is the target of a coup, the world notices, and the DEFCON track is decreased by 1. Also, when a card is played for a Coup, you move your marker down the Required Military Operations track a number equal to the Ops Value of the card used. More on this later.
One last note about Operations: If you play a card for Operations and the Event listed is associated with either both players or just yourself, it does not occur. But if you play a card for Ops, and it is associated with your opponent, it does occur. So going back to the Warsaw Pact card from before, if the US played it for Ops, they would have 3 points to spend, but the USSR Event occurs, and they get to alter influence. Some conditions for this:
- Current player always decides whether the event happens before OR after Operations are done
- If the opponent's event is dependent on a prerequisite card that hasn't been played, the Event is not triggered, and is discarded as normal
- If the opponent's event is prohibited by a previously played card, Operations take place, but the Event does not, and the card is discarded as normal.
- If the opponent's event is triggered, but results in no effect, the card is considered played and removed from the game.
Scoring:
Certain cards have no events or Ops points, but instead are Scoring cards for a particular region.
Scoring cards can NEVER be the last card held in your hand at the end of a turn. When a scoring card is played, players calculate how much influence they have in countries in that particular continent. There are three levels: Presence, where you have control of at least one country in that continent; Dominance, where you control both more normal countries and battleground countries in that continent than your opponent, and Control, where you control both more countries than your opponent, and ALL of the battleground countries. These scoring cards can often provide a large and sudden influx of VP's to a player.
Scoring cards can NEVER be the last card held in your hand at the end of a turn. When a scoring card is played, players calculate how much influence they have in countries in that particular continent. There are three levels: Presence, where you have control of at least one country in that continent; Dominance, where you control both more normal countries and battleground countries in that continent than your opponent, and Control, where you control both more countries than your opponent, and ALL of the battleground countries. These scoring cards can often provide a large and sudden influx of VP's to a player.
Space Race:
Ops Points may be spent by a superpower to move its marker further down the Space Race track, instead of for Operations or Events. To do so, discard a card with the number of Ops points required, as listed on the track(typically at least 2 points are required). You then roll a die, and if you roll in the range listed on the track, you advance your marker. Players may only use one card per turn for the Space Race. There are some spaces on the track that offer VP rewards of two different amounts: The first person to get to that space gets the higher VP reward. Other spaces on the track offer upgrades and rewards, but again, only to the first player to reach that space. Should the second player reach that space as well, the special effect is immediately cancelled. The Space Race is often used as a “safety valve”, to dump events that would be of great value to your opponent and keep them from getting played.
Check Military Status:
“Restraint? Why are you so concerned with saving their lives? The whole idea is to kill the bastards. At the end of the war, if there are two Americans and one Russian left alive, we win.” —Gen. Thomas Power, U.S. Strategic Air Command
The superpowers did not want to be seen as weak, and were constantly toeing the line being effective, and keeping the war from becoming “Hot”. If the DEFCON marker is on anything other than 5, Coup and Realignment rolls are not allowed in certain countries:
DEFCON 4: No Coups or Realignments in Europe
DEFCON 3: No rolls in Europe or Asia
DEFCON 2: No rolls in Europe, Asia, or Middle East
If, when this phase comes up, your marker on the Required Military Operations Track is not at least as far as the current DEFCON status, your opponent gains a number of VPs equal to the difference.
Ex. After this turns actions, the DEFCON marker is at 4. US has played 4 Ops points worth of military operations, but USSR has only played 1. Therefore, the US gains 3 VPs.
The superpowers did not want to be seen as weak, and were constantly toeing the line being effective, and keeping the war from becoming “Hot”. If the DEFCON marker is on anything other than 5, Coup and Realignment rolls are not allowed in certain countries:
DEFCON 4: No Coups or Realignments in Europe
DEFCON 3: No rolls in Europe or Asia
DEFCON 2: No rolls in Europe, Asia, or Middle East
If, when this phase comes up, your marker on the Required Military Operations Track is not at least as far as the current DEFCON status, your opponent gains a number of VPs equal to the difference.
Ex. After this turns actions, the DEFCON marker is at 4. US has played 4 Ops points worth of military operations, but USSR has only played 1. Therefore, the US gains 3 VPs.
The China Card:
China’s large role in the Cold War is abstracted through the China Card, that starts the game with the USSR. The China Card does not count against your hand limit. Playing The China Card counts as one of your Action Rounds. After playing it, it is handed to your opponent, face down. After checking Military Status, the China Card is flipped face up, and is ready for use next turn. The China Card may not be played during the Headline Phase.
Ending the Game:
There are a few ways the game can end before the end of Turn 10:
If one player causes the DEFCON track to reach 1, they lose.
If one player plays the "Europe Scoring" card and is found to be in Control of Europe, they win. A player controls a Region if the controls more countries there than his opponent and also controls ALL the Battleground countries in the Region.
Starting in the Late War, a card called "Wargames" is available to be drawn. This event immediately ends the game after giving the other side 6 VPs.
If one player gets 20 VP’s, they instantly win.
If none of these occur, a Final Scoring occurs. Every region is scored as if its scoring card had just been played. Add 1 VP to the player currently holding the China Card, and determine which player has the most VPs. That player wins the game.
If one player causes the DEFCON track to reach 1, they lose.
If one player plays the "Europe Scoring" card and is found to be in Control of Europe, they win. A player controls a Region if the controls more countries there than his opponent and also controls ALL the Battleground countries in the Region.
Starting in the Late War, a card called "Wargames" is available to be drawn. This event immediately ends the game after giving the other side 6 VPs.
If one player gets 20 VP’s, they instantly win.
If none of these occur, a Final Scoring occurs. Every region is scored as if its scoring card had just been played. Add 1 VP to the player currently holding the China Card, and determine which player has the most VPs. That player wins the game.
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stever777 on
+1
Posts
The OP/SP contain everything you need to know to play, but for those who prefer an encyclopedic knowledge of the rules, the full Rule Book is available online.
For people who want to learn basic strategy.
The starting map:
This game WILL be using the optional cards.
Also, we will be using my crazy idea that each side will only get cards that are of their own side or neutral.
You will never see a card that is dedicated to the other side.
Your destiny will be in your hand.
Play it well.
Soviets: Iron Weasel
Americans: Kirindal/Preda
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
I wish you well in this crazy experiment.
Chicago Megagame group
Watch me struggle to learn streaming! Point and laugh!
Also, more I think about it, more I fear to be American in a world like that...
Do you want a fairly experienced player (around fifty matches under my belt)?
Sign Up!
Edit – I’m happy to step aside for people who haven’t PbP’d before.
Also: Preda – yes, we do.
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
Well, we'll see.
May be a disaster.
Sign up, if you want.
Also, the VASSAL mod will be "fun" to work around.
I only do that if someone has missed out on a game I previously ran.
Don't wanna play favorites, (even tho' you are one!).
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
Even = US
Odd = Soviet
E - IW is Soviet; Preda is American with Kirindal.
Cards going out eventually.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
Then PM me your Headline cards.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
+4 Poland
+1 Yugoslavia
@Preda and @Kirindal to place starting Influence.
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
+2 Italy
+1 Greece
+1 Turkey
@Iron Weasel to PM headline to @stever777 , we already did.
Update later tonight.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
On June 5, Secretary of State George C. Marshall announced to the world the US plan to reconstruct all of Europe. Due to Soviet pressure, Eastern European states did not participate. However, for the 16 nations of Western Europe that did, the Marshall Plan marked the first step on the road to recovery and ultimate victory in the Cold War.
Ho Chi Minh tried repeatedly to enlist the aid of the Truman Administration for independence. His letters never received a response. The French government, with support from the US and Britain, attempted to reestablish its colony in Indochina. The attempted was doomed and would lead to disaster at Dien Bien Phu.
Map:
@Preda and @Kirindal
* US may add 1 US Influence in each of 7 non-USSR controlled countries in W. Europe.
* Allows play of NATO.
Then, Soviet Action Round 1.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
1 Italy
1 Greece
1 Turkey
1 Spain/Portugal
1 UK
1 Canada
@Iron Weasel do your worst!
COMECON for Ops.
Coup Iran.
Then back to @Kirindal and @Preda.
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) was founded in reaction to the allure of the Marshall Plan to the Soviet satellites in Eastern Europe. While very loosely organized and dominated by the Soviets in its early years, COMECON would ultimately fulfill the role of trade liberalization and industrial rationalization for Eastern Europe.
*** Soviet initiates coup in Iran with 3 Ops.
* Soviet changes DefCon to 4.
* No coups or realignments in Europe.
* Soviet Die = [4] *** <Soviet>
* Soviet changes Soviet Military Ops to 3.
* Removing 1 American Influence from Iran.
* Adding 2 Soviet Influence in Iran.
@Preda and @Kirindal
American Action Round 1.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
Five Year Plan for Ops.
2 Influence in Egypt.
1 Influence in Malaysia.
Back to you @Iron Weasel
China Card for Ops (+1 from Vietnam Revolts)
+2 Pakistan
+2 Thailand
+1 S. Korea
Your move, @Kirindal and @Preda
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
+2 influence in Lybia
@Iron Weasel
Beginning in the 1920s, the Soviet Union became obsessed with centralized planning of its economy and industrial development. Twelve such plans were adopted by the USSR during its history. While economists differ, it is largely agreed that these plans caused more dislocation within the Soviet economy than they resolved.
The People’s Republic of China played a pivotal role during the Cold War. While the PRC’s influence was largely limited to satellites in Asia, the country was important to the uneasy balance of power that ultimately descended upon the post-WWII world. While beginning as an ally of the USSR, China became a counter-balance to Soviet influence in Asia during the later stages of the Cold War.
Preceding the start of the Cold War, citizens of the Eastern bloc fled or defected to the West. Defectors came in two primary archetypes. Spies and double agents who had been discovered or needed to “come in from the cold” would frequently flee to their masters and allude capture. Examples of this type of defector include KGB Deputy Chief Yuri Nosenko and KGB London Bureau Chief Oleg Gordievsky. Perhaps more embarassingly, and certainly more publicly, many talented Soviet artists defected while on tour in the United States or Europe. While the West also suffered occasional defections, particularly from westerners involved in espionage, it never reached the same proportion or the same level of public spectacle.
Soviet Action Round 3
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
@Kirindal and @Preda
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
Independent Reds for Ops
+1 to Malaysia
+1 to Jordan
@Iron Weasel
Cambridge Five for Ops
+2 Iraq
@Kirindal and @Preda
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
Special Relationship for Ops
+1 to Lebanon
+1 to Jordan
@Iron Weasel
Soviet AR5
Nasser for Event
@Preda and @Kirindal
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
America AR 5
US/Japan Mutual Defense Pact for Ops
Coup in Iran
-2 Soviet Influence
+1 American Influence
Geth roll 1d6+4 for Iran Coup
@Iron Weasel
Also: I think @stever777 actually has to run the Coup himself in Vassal, or else the whole thing falls apart. Or maybe not!
Regardless...
Soviet AR6
Blockade for event.
Throw away something good, or say goodbye to West Germany, capitalist running dogs!
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
We discard East european unrest to block Blokade...
Waiting on discussion with @kirindal for our final move...
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
While Europe may have been the object of the Cold War, Asia was the battleground. From the Chinese Civil War, to the Korean War to Vietnam and Afghanistan, Asia was the place where the Cold War came closest to growing hot. For this reason, Asia is the second most significant region for scoring.
The Communist Information Bureau, COMINFORM, expelled Yugoslavia for Marshall Tito’s refusal to conform to Moscow’s wishes. Albania would ultimately follow a similar tack, breaking with Yugoslavia, then Khrushchev’s USSR. While remaining within the Soviet structure, Ceausescu’s Romania would also test the limits of Moscow’s patience with occasional flares of independence and nationalism.
The Cambridge Five (Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, John Cairncross, and Donald Maclean) were British civil servants who, unbeknownst to the British government, had become Communists while at university, and recruited as Soviet agents shortly thereafter. The spy ring was one of the most effective Soviet intelligence efforts of the Cold War, as all five rose to positions of great responsibility and trust in the civil service. Maclean, in particular, was privy to a large number of nuclear secrets; the information regarding the size and readiness of the Western nuclear arsenal played a key role in Stalin’s decisions to blockade Berlin and to arm the North Koreans for their invasion of South Korea. The spy ring fell apart when the U.S. VENONA project exposed Maclean; he and Burgess defected in 1951. Philby was able to elude exposure until 1963, passing secrets all the while; he too managed to defect. Blunt was unmasked around the same time, but secretly gave a confession, exposing other agents (including Cairncross).
The Special Relationship is a phrase used to describe the exceptionally close political, diplomatic, cultural, economic, military, and historical relations between the United Kingdom and the United States, following its use in a 1946 speech by British statesman Winston Churchill. During the Second World War, the development of the atomic bomb required collaboration and trust between the British, Canadian, and American governments to a degree perhaps previously unimaginable. Additionally, in 1943, Britain made the crucial decision to share ULTRA codebreaking results directly with US intelligence. This relationship blossomed into the BRUSA Agreement, whose terms guided intelligence sharing throughout the Cold War. Even today, the UK and US remain the closest of allies, sharing military bases and economic ties throughout the world.
One of the giants in the Pan-Arab movement, Gamal Abdel Nasser rose to power through military coup. Attempting to steer an independent course during the Cold War, he provoked western governments by accepting Soviet aid, and nationalizing commercial property—the Suez Canal being the most prominent example. Egypt, under his leadership, was viewed as a Soviet client, and would serve as a Russian proxy during repeated wars with Israel. He died in office after 18 years of service, having frustrated the attempts of a variety of domestic and international enemies.
On September 8th the United States quietly extended its nuclear umbrella to its former Pacific rival. In doing so, it also soothed the nerves of Japan’s neighbors about a remilitarized Japan appearing on the world scene. In exchange, Japan played host to America’s forward presence in Asia. Japan effectively became an unsinkable aircraft carrier for both the Vietnam and Korean wars. Obviously, US reliance on Japanese products during the ensuing conflicts greatly aided Japan’s economic recovery and eventual economic might.
The Soviets attempted to increase pressure on the Western allies to dissuade them from creating an independent “West” German government in their zones. The primary pressure point was a blockade of West Berlin. In response, the UK and US launched the Berlin Airlift, which at its peak during the “Easter Parade,” had a cargo plane landing in Berlin every minute.
Captured most visibly by Nagy’s attempt to withdraw Hungary from the Warsaw Pact and Czechoslovakia’s Prague Spring of 1968, members of the Warsaw Pact frequently sought to loosen the reins of Moscow. When taken too far, from the Soviet perspective, the effects could be devastating. Soviet tanks became a universal symbol of Soviet determination to hold on to Eastern Europe, through undisguised oppression if necessary.
American Action Round 6
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
Works either way.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
America Action Round 6
Truman Doctrine for Ops
+1 to Afghanistan
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
Before a joint session of Congress, the President announced the new Truman Doctrine, ushering in an era of intense intervention on behalf of states with liberal economic and political institutions. Truman stated “I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” The Truman Doctrine was prompted by the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from its traditional great power role in the Near East. The immediate effect of the doctrine was a massive influx of military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey.
PM me you Headline cards for Truman turn.
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
Sport often served as an outlet for the intense competition between the Superpowers, and that competition was never so intense as at the Olympics. The Olympics served as a test bed to see which society could make the greatest strides in human physical achievement. It fit neatly into Communist ideology of “the New Man.” The games frequently reflected the global political situation, as with the terrorist attacks in Munich, and became overt political tools with the US boycott of the Moscow games in 1980, and the Soviet boycott of the LA games in 1984.
Sparked by a North Korean invasion across the 38th parallel, the Korean War would be the first war sanctioned by the United Nations. There were 15 nations beyond the US and South Korea with combat forces attempting to defend South Korean independence. MacArthur’s campaign to the Yalu River provoked a Chinese response that reset the war to its starting positions on the 38th parallel.
Soviets to decide whether or not to boycott Olympics.
Please let me roll the results on VASSAL for these events.
@Iron Weasel
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227
*** Soviet plays Korean War* Event ***
* U.S. Die = [5] *** <American>
* Soviet Die = [2] *** <Soviet>
* American changes VPs to 5 Soviet Victory Points.
* Soviet changes Soviet Military Ops to 2.
* Die-roll modifier: 0
* Soviet Die = [5] *** <Soviet>
* North wins Korean War.
* Soviets gain 2 VPs.
* Soviet changes VPs to 7 Soviet Victory Points.
* Removing 1 U.S. Influence from S. Korea.
* Adding 1 Soviet Influence in S. Korea.
Soviet Influence in S. Korea was increased from 1 to 2.
U.S. Influence in S. Korea was decreased from 1 to 0.
Soviet Action Round 1
The Black Hole of Cygnus X-1
Arab-Israeli War for Ops
+1 South Korea
+1 Egypt
@Kirindal and @Preda are up.
The Division, Warframe (XB1)
GT: Tanith 6227