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LE changes the sentence to a "past tense". But since there isn't really a "tense" system in Chinese it's more of an experience kind of thing. Listen and read more and using LE should come more naturally.
Wo dong -> I understand
Wo dong lè -> I've understood
Ni wang lè ma -> Have you forgotten?
Wo du -> I (will) read.
Wo du le -> I have read it.
Oh, think of LE as adding 'already' to the sentence. That works too.
And there isn't really an equivalent of that in Japanese. Maybe もう.
If what the guy above me is saying is correct, than no, Japanese doesn't really have an equivalent particle, because Japanese performs that function via conjugational tenses.
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Wo dong -> I understand
Wo dong lè -> I've understood
Ni wang lè ma -> Have you forgotten?
Wo du -> I (will) read.
Wo du le -> I have read it.
Oh, think of LE as adding 'already' to the sentence. That works too.
And there isn't really an equivalent of that in Japanese. Maybe もう.
And it's not pronounced la. It rhymes with blur.
That makes so much more sense that what I thought it was. Any good Mandarin books you can recomend?